We have conducted a radar-driven observational campaign of 22 main-belt asteroids (MBAs) focused on Bus-DeMeo Xc- and Xk-type objects (Tholen X and M class asteroids) using the Arecibo radar and NASA Infrared Telescope Facilities (IRTF). The typical composition of an asteroid depends on its distance from the Sun. Sixteen of our targets were near-simultaneously observed with radar and those observations are described in a companion paper (Shepard, M.K., and 19 colleagues [2010]. M-type asteroids are asteroid s of unknown composition; they are moderately bright (albedo 0.1–0.2). M-type asteroids are found in the middle of the belt, and most of the metal in M-type asteroids is iron and nickel. Here, the ‘M’ stands for metals, as M- types contain more metallic elements than other types of asteroids.
At the outer edges of the asteroid belt, that is between three and three and a half times further from the Sun than the Earth, over eighty percent of the asteroids are known as C-type. These are thought to be pieces of the metallic core of differentiated asteroids that were fragmented by impacts. Composition. An asteroid’s composition is mainly determined by how close it is to the Sun.
The C stands for carbon and the surfaces of these asteroids are almost coal-black. The third and final major type of asteroid is the M-types. The M-type or metallic asteroids are reddish in color, make up most of the rest of the asteroids, and dwell in the middle region of the main belt. S-group of silicaceous (stony) objects including: A-type Q-type R-type K-type a new category (181 Eucharis, 221 Eos) L-type a new category (83 Beatrix) S-type the most 'standard' of the S group Sa, Sq, Sr, Sk, and Sl transition objects between plain S and the other types in the group. … These asteroids contain large quantities of carbon molecules as well … Indeed, a large amount of the platinum on Earth comes from a giant impact crater called the Sudbury Basin in Canada, where a giant M-type asteroid struck the Earth 1.8 billion years ago.
X-group of mostly metallic objects including: X-type the most 'standard' of the X group including objects classified by Tholen as … We fit each absorption band with a 2-degree polynomial and calculated the χ 2 parameter value (sum of the squares of the difference between the asteroid and the curve for each wavelength channel). Some, but not all, are made of nickel-iron, either pure or mixed with small amounts of stone. (2005) show that the shape of these M-type asteroid mafic bands are quite different from those of atmospheric water and also conclude that they are weak mafic bands.) There are also M-types …
C-type asteroids mainly are in the asteroid belt's outer regions. They seem to be made up of nickle-iron. They also contain rare metals, such as platinum. Three-fourths of the asteroids in the solar system's asteroid belt are carbonaceous.
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